Free Will Versus Determinism Essay -- essays research papers

Through and through freedom Versus Determinism The contention between choice and determinism has been contended about for quite a long time. What is the contrast between the two? Glancing in a word reference, unrestrained choice is the force, ascribed to individuals, of making free decisions that are unconstrained by outside conditions or by an organization such as destiny or perfect will. Through and through freedom permits free decision. However, determinism is the opposite. Determinism has this definition: The philosophical precept that each occasion, demonstration, and choice is the unpreventable outcome of predecessors that are free of the human will. Determinism expresses that people have no through and through freedom to pick what they wish. That appears to be genuine outrageous and unforgiving. Despite the fact that this is the thing that determinism is, doesn't imply that the determinists are attempting to take your opportunity. It's just what they accept in view of religion and circumstances and logical results. In religion, numerous individuals trust in the presence of a divine being underpins determinism. The premise of god is that he is all-knowing and all-ground-breaking. On the off chance that unrestrained choice is permitted, there would be choices and activities in which God couldn't know because of the individual's decision. This would confine God's supremacy, which is unsuitable to a few. The other contention for determinism is causation, or circumstances and end results. This contention relies upon connections that ought to occur with similar outcomes unfailingly, for example, a baseball breaking a window, breaking the window. Basing on this, everything known to mankind has a reason. What's more, if all the causes and the occasions were known, at that point it is conceivable to effectively anticipate what's to come. On the off chance that everything can be predicted, at that point this demonstrates nothing that anybody cans change the courses of things to come. This, obviously, is absurd. Determinism says that what you do can be the reason for what your life turns out to be. This can be valid. However, you can act in any case that would direct you off that way of where your life was going. Presence of mind reveals to us that we can change, which determinism restricts to. It additionally says that in the event that we believe we are most certainly not constrained, we could have acted in an unexpected way. That is the reason I decide to agree with unrestrained choice. Determinism has an excessive number of boundaries and limits that, as of now appeared, is preposterous in this world. Unrestrained choice is the psyche's capacity to pick with insight. That doesn't imply that our decision has all the opportunity on the planet. Our decisions can't and ob... ...ermined by past occasions. Accordingly we can not change our conduct. Past occasions do influences us; we can't overlook that. Be that as it may, similar to the past models, if the past occasions' outcomes were bad, we would generally likely change, except if that individual was disturbed. These contentions on through and through freedom unquestionably doesn't relate to all individuals. Everybody is unique. However generally likely, people think towards unrestrained choice. A ramifications to determinism is that man turns out to be simply a manikin. That may sound brutal, however it is valid. Under the standards of determinism, man must pass by past occasions, doing likewise he did in the past, set in stone. He can not change his conduct, unfit to let out his feelings. The man has become a manikin, being controlled and confined. What's more, in regular day to day existence, determinism doesn't exist in many lives. It is coherent and sensible to state that the all of unrestrained choice is a proportion of our humanness. Whatever we pick will impact our future. Be that as it may, we will put together our choices with respect to what we feel is correct, taking in our ethical sentiments. Through and through freedom is a proportion of self-assurance that individuals feel themselves to have and by which they make moral decisions.

8 Crazy Things That Could Happen to the Workplace Within 30 Years

8 Crazy Things That Could Happen to the Workplace Within 30 Years Ever consider how the work environment of things to come will be unique? Here’s some something to think about: a couple of situations to consider as we plan our professions in an evolving world. 1. Driverless CarsThis isn’t such a great amount about the work environment, however will absolutely change drives and furthermore on a very basic level adjust fields like mass travel and transportation, and possibly likewise change the essence of the car business forever.2. No More OfficesMore and more organizations may pick to have laborers set up remotely, either at home or in shared cooperating spaces. This will set aside organizations bunches of cash on office space and enable them to employ ability from around the world.3. Large BrotherGPS checking may empower businesses to follow your area, your wellbeing, and your efficiency. This surely won’t be famous, however as long as the innovation exists, a few organizations will need to utilize it.4. Workers’ Choice More and more recent college grads entering the workforce are requesting that their managers satisfy their moral guidelines. Anticipate that laborers should switch organizations and occupations more than they used to as they follow their interests and attempt to shape their optimal careers.5. Work ‘Til You DropWe’re all living longer, and organizations are disposing of expensive retirement programs. We’ll all presumably need to work a whole lot longer, especially as clinical advances keep us alive well past the future of our parents’ parents.6. Low maintenance PlusFreelancing might be the flood of things to come. It’s a lot less expensive for a business to recruit a consultant, without giving advantages or medical coverage. Furthermore, numerous specialists lean toward the control and adaptability that way of life bears them. The consistent 9-5 might be a dinosaur when our children enter the activity market.7. Fake IntelligenceArtificial knowledge w ill begin to supplant the same number of employments as doable, placing increasingly manual undertakings in advanced hands. This will pulverize certain occupations, however make others in innovation and service.8. No More BossesZappos did it with their disputable â€Å"holacracy.† More and more organizations are rebuilding from the ordinary direct snort level-up-to-large manager model. We can anticipate increasingly parallel, integrative pecking orders to begin shaping, which will change the essence of how we work and who we work for.9 ways the work environment will be diverse in 2050

Final Decision Day 2012 - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Final Decision Day 2012 - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Final Decision Day 2012 Yes, the question that all freshmen applicants (and their parents) have been asking again and again can finally be answered. Final decisions for freshmen applicants are scheduled to be released on Friday, March 30 (unless something catastrophic occurs). As normal, we will open up the status check sometime in the afternoon on Friday (please do not ask what time on Friday, as I am just saying Friday afternoon for a reason), and applicants will be able to view their decisions. As well, admit and wait-list decision letters will be sent out by mail (we do not mail out denial letters). There will be three decision groups (Admit, Deny and Wait-List), and I will try to post some information on all three of these decisions next week. Please do not have multiple people in your family try to log into the myStatus page on Friday, as this will slow everything down. Just have one person (hopefully yourself) log into myStatus, be patient as it may be slower than normal (do not keep hitting enter or refresh), and tell family members who want to see your myStatus page to wait until Saturday. If you do have multiple people trying to log into your myStatus, it could cause your individual myStatus page to freeze, so do not do this. Remember, we cannot and will not give out any decisions by phone, in person or by email, and we are as happy as you are to have decision day finally get here. Go Dawgs!

Edith Wilson Americas First Woman President

Has a woman already served as President of the United States? Did first lady Edith Wilson actually function as president after her husband, President Woodrow Wilson suffered a debilitating stroke? Edith Bolling Galt Wilson certainly had the right ancestral stuff to be president. Born to U.S. circuit judge William Holcombe Bolling and Sallie White of colonial Virginia in 1872, Edith Bolling truly was a direct descendant of Pocahontas and was related by blood to President Thomas Jefferson and by marriage to first ladies Martha Washington and Letitia Tyler. At the same time, her upbringing made her relatable to the â€Å"common folk.† After her grandfather’s plantation was lost in the Civil War, Edith, along with the rest of the large Bolling family, lived in a tiny boarding house over a Wytheville, Virginia store. Aside from briefly attending Martha Washington College, she received little formal education. While at Martha Washington from 1887 to 1888, she took classes in history, mathematics, physics, chemistry, Latin, Greek, French, German, civil government, political geography, spelling, grammar, bookkeeping and typewriting. However, she disliked college and left after only two semesters to attend the Richmond Female Seminary in Richmond, Virginia, from 1889 to 1890.   As President Woodrow Wilson’s second wife, Edith Wilson did not let her lack of higher education prevent her from keeping up with presidential affairs and the workings of the federal government while handing off the largely ceremonial duties of first ladies to her secretary. In April 1917, just four months after starting his second term, President Wilson led the U.S. into World War I. During the war, Edith worked closely with her husband by screening his mail, attending his meetings, and giving him her opinions of politicians and foreign representatives. Even Wilson’s closest advisors often needed Edith’s approval in order to meet with him.   As the war drew to an end in 1919, Edith accompanied the president to Paris where she conferred with him as he negotiated the Versailles Peace Treaty. After returning to Washington, Edith supported and assisted the president as he struggled to overcome Republican opposition to his proposal for the League of Nations. When Mr.  Wilson Suffers a Stroke, Edith Steps Up Despite already being in poor health, and against the advice of his doctors, President Wilson crossed the nation by train in the fall of 1919 in a â€Å"whistle stop† campaign to win public support for his League of Nations plan. With the nation in a predictable post-war desire for international isolationism, he enjoyed little success and was rushed back to Washington after collapsing from physical exhaustion. Wilson never fully recovered and finally suffered a massive stroke on October 2, 1919. Edith immediately began making decisions. After consulting with the president’s doctors, she refused to make her husband resign and allow the vice president to take over. Instead, Edith began what she would later call her one-year and five-month long â€Å"stewardship† of the presidency. In her 1939 autobiography â€Å"My Memoir,† Mrs. Wilson wrote, â€Å"So began my stewardship. I studied every paper, sent from the different Secretaries or senators, and tried to digest and present in tabloid form the things that, despite my vigilance, had to go to the President. I myself never made a single decision regarding the disposition of public affairs. The only decision that was mine was what was important and what was not, and the very important decision of when to present matters to my husband. He asked thousands of questions, and insisted upon knowing everything, particularly about the Treaty of Versailles.† Further insight into the extent and reasons for the First Lady’s level of control of access to her stricken husband is revealed in an Edith Wilson quote from the chaotic days of WWI: â€Å"People descended upon the White House until their coming and going was like the rise and fall of the tides. To achieve anything amidst such distractions called for the most rigid rationing of time.† Edith started her presidential â€Å"stewardship† by trying to hide the seriousness of her partially-paralyzed husband’s condition from the Cabinet, the Congress, the press, and the people. In public bulletins, either written or approved by her, Edith stated that President Wilson merely needed rest and would be conducting business from his bedroom. Cabinet members were not allowed to talk to the president without Edith’s approval. She intercepted and screened all material intended for Woodrow’s review or approval. If she deemed them important enough, Edith would take them into her husband’s bedroom. Whether the decisions coming from the bedroom had been made by the president or Edith was not known at the time. While she admittedly took over many day-to-day presidential duties, Edith contended she never initiated any programs, made major decisions, sign or veto legislation, or otherwise try to control the executive branch through the issuance of executive orders. Not everybody was happy with the first lady’s â€Å"administration.† One Republican Senator bitterly called her â€Å"the ‘Presidentress’ who had fulfilled the dream of the suffragettes by changing her title from First Lady to Acting First Man.† In â€Å"My Memoir,† Mrs. Wilson strongly contended that she had assumed her pseudo-presidential role at the recommendations of the president’s doctors. After studying the proceedings of the Wilson administration over the years, historians have concluded that Edith Wilson’s role during her husband’s illness went beyond mere â€Å"stewardship.† Instead, she essentially served as President of the United States until Woodrow Wilson’s second term concluded in March of 1921. Three years later, Woodrow Wilson died in his Washington, D.C., home at 11:15 a.m.  on Sunday, February  3, 1924. The next day, the New York Times reported that the former president’s had uttered his last full sentence on Friday, Feb. 1: â€Å"I am a broken piece of machinery. When the machinery is broken—I am ready.† And that on Saturday, Feb. 2, he spoke his last word: â€Å"Edith.† Did Edith Wilson Violate the Constitution? In 1919, Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 of the U.S. Constitution defined presidential succession as follows: â€Å"In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.† However, President Wilson was neither impeached, dead, or willing to resign, so Vice President Thomas Marshall refused to take over the presidency unless the president’s doctor certified the ailing president’s â€Å"inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office† and Congress passed a resolution officially declaring the office of president vacant. Neither ever happened. Today, however, a first lady trying to do what Edith Wilson did in 1919 might run afoul of the 25th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1967. The 25th Amendment sets out a far more specific process of for the transfer of power and conditions under which the president may be declared unable to discharge the powers and duties of the presidency. References:Wilson, Edith Bolling Galt. My Memoir. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1939.Gould, Lewis L. – American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy. 2001Miller, Kristie. Ellen and Edith: Woodrow Wilson’s First Ladies. Lawrence, Kan. 2010.

Toyota Marketing Plan - 4335 Words

Running Head: MARKETING PLAN FOR TOYOTA MOTOR COMPANY Name: Professor: Institution: Course: Date: 1.0 Company Description The Toyota Company is a leader in the car manufacture, assembly and distribution the world over. A very efficient management style that the company uses has been one of the reasons for the firm’s good performance. There are many other salient factors that have made the company achieve the niche of market leader. The market structure the company operates in can not be definitely stated. Some may consider it to be a monopoly. This is due to the fact that the company is a dominant market player in car exportation. 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Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (Bod) Free Essays

Title: Laboratory 2: Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Objective To determine the amount of oxygen necessary for biological oxidation of wastewater effluent and determine the amount of oxygen required by bacteria while stabilizing decomposable organic matter. Methodology Apparatus ; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) meter, Dissolved Oxygen bottle (DO bottle), pipette, Teflon tape, dilution water, incubator machine. Procedure; Add 300 ml dilute water then take DO reading immediately Closed properly and keep into the incubator (200C). We will write a custom essay sample on Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (Bod) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Take reading for the next 5 days Add 3 ml dilute water and fill up with dilute water until 300ml then take DO reading immediately Figure 1 Precaution Samples for BOD analysis may change greatly during handling and storage. Testing should be started as quickly as possible. To reduce the changes in those samples which must be held, keep the samples at or below 4 °C. Do not allow samples to freeze. Samples may be kept for no more than 48 hours before beginning the BOD test. Students assign to prevent interference from chlorine. Because chlorine is such a strong oxidizing agent, it will inhibit the growth of living bacteria in the BOD test. Any samples containing residual chlorine must be pretreated to remove chlorine before the test is run. This is done by adding sodium sulfite to the sample. Samples with extreme pH values and samples containing disinfectants such as residual chlorine must be treated prior to testing. Caustic alkalinity or acidity can prevent bacteria from growing during the course of the BOD test. To prevent this, samples which have pH values higher than pH 8. 0 or lower than pH 6. 0 must be neutralized to pH 7. 0 before the test is performed. Result 1) 3 ml sample Group| Sample| Result| First day (1st)| Fifth day (5th)|   |   |   | DO| Temp| DO| Temp| | | | (mg/l)| (0C)| (mg/l)| (0C)| 1| Blank| 1st| 9. 20| 25. 8| 9. 26| 20. 3| | | 2nd| 9. 16| 25. 8| 9. 30| 20. 4| | | 3rd| 9. 13| 25. 8| 9. 31| 20. 5| | | Mean| | 25. 8| | 20. 4| | Waste Water| 1st| 9. 24| 26. 2| 8. 73| 20. 5| | | 2nd| 9. 12| 26. 2| 8. 77| 20. 6| | | 3rd| 9. 10| 26. 2| 8. 79| 20. 7| | | Mean| | 26. 2| | 20. 6| 4| Blank| 1st| 9. 14| 25. 9| 9. 04| 20. 5| | | 2nd| 9. 16| 26| 9. 02| 20. 5| | | 3rd| 9. 15| 26| 9. 01| 20. 5| | | Mean| | 25. 97| | 20. 5| | Waste Water| 1st| 9. 08| 26. 2| 8. 31| 20. | | | 2nd| 9. 05| 26. 3| 8. 34| 20. 7| | | 3rd| 9. 02| 26. 4| 8. 35| 20. 8| | | Mean| | 26. 3| | 20. 73| 5| Blank| 1st| 9. 10| 25| 8. 86| 20. 5| | | 2nd| 9. 11| 25| 8. 88| 20. 5| | | 3rd| 9. 10| 25| 8. 86| 20. 5| | | Mean| | 25| | 20. 5| | Waste Water| 1st| 9. 10| 25| 7. 82| 20. 5| | | 2nd| 9. 11| 25| 7. 82| 20. 5| | | 3rd| 9. 11| 25| 7. 84| 20. 5| | | Mean| | 25| | 20. 5| The BOD of th e sample can be calculates using the equations provided in the following First Equation is provided by the standard method BOD5= mgL= D1 – D2P Second Equation is BOD5= mgL= D1 – D2 -B1 – B2 P Where; D1 : DO of the diluted sample immediately after preparation, mg/L D2 : DO of the diluted sample after 5-day incubation at 200c, mg/L B1 : DO of the control before incubation B2 : DO of the control after incubation P : fraction of the wastewater sample volume to total combined volume Group| Sample| First day (1st)| Fifth day (5th)| BOD5| BOD5| | | DO| Temp| DO| Temp| (mg/l)| (mg/l)| | | (mg/l)| (0C)| (mg/l)| (0C)| (1st Equation)| (2ndEquation)| 1| Blank| 9. 16| 25. 8| 9. 29| 20. 4|   | 52| | Waste Water| 9. 15| 26. 2| 8. 76| 20. 6| 39| | 4| Blank| 9. 15| 25. 97| 9. 02| 20. 5|   | 59| | Waste Water| 9. 05| 26. 3| 8. 33| 20. 73| 72| | | Blank| 9. 1| 25| 8. 87| 20. 5|   | 105| | Waste Water| 9. 11| 25| 7. 83| 20. 5| 128| | Discussion From the equation, the result are totally different, it is because second (2nd) equation actually are specialist for seeded sample. Since that, it does not suitable and can’t be used to calculate the BOD level. BOD test is a biological test; dep endent on the actions of the microorganisms found in the wastewater and, as such, is subject to a number of variations. These variations can be caused by a number of factors, including changes in temperature, weather, composition of incoming sewage, in plant operations, and sampling points. Results can vary widely from day to day, or even hour to hour. . Form the result we found that the the BOD level in group 5 is 128mg/L, Group 4 72mg/L is quiet higher rather than Group 1 39mg/L. When BOD levels are high, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels decrease because the oxygen that is available in the water is being consumed by the bacteria. Since less dissolved oxygen is available in the water, fish and other aquatic organisms may not survive. If referred to the IWK website, BOD5 at 200C is 20mg/L for standard A and 50mg/L for standard B. Its mean only sample from group 1 is under control and can be entitled as clean. High level of result from group 4 and 5 may resulted by the input of nitrates and phosphate. Nitrates and phosphates in a body of water can contribute to high BOD levels. Nitrates and phosphates are plant nutrients and can cause plant life and algae to grow quickly. When plants grow quickly, they also die quickly. This contributes to the organic waste in the water, which is then decomposed by bacteria. One of the major disadvantages of the BOD test is the time lag between the collection of samples and the final calculation of results. This makes the BOD test a poor test for determining whether or not operational changes are needed. In addition, the rate and degree that organic matter in wastewater is decomposed (or oxidized) by the normal bacteria present in a sample is largely dependent on the characteristics of the organic matter. For example, some organic matter (like sugars or starches) are oxidized very easily and rapidly, and will almost always result in measurable â€Å"BOD†. Other organic matter, however, is sometimes resistant to biological oxidation, and may require special â€Å"acclimated† bacteria to oxidize the material and to show a â€Å"BOD†. Although this is what actually happens in nature, it causes significant variation in BOD results from sample to sample. Conclusion, high; level of BOD reflects to the DO which it will be decrease. Which is mean the water quality if poor. References Unknown. (n. d. ). Indah Water. Retrieved from http://www. iwk. com. my/v/knowledge-arena/effluent-standards Unknown, A. (n. d. ). Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) – Overview. Retrieved from Polyseed. com: http://www. polyseed. com/misc/BODforwebsite. pdf How to cite Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (Bod), Essay examples

Lengthening Days free essay sample

The lamps lifeless rays confine me to a corner of my spacious room, setting a sharp two by three foot stricture for me and my desk, for on it lies my schoolwork my life. I often turn my head to the left at some forgotten hour of the night to see my fatigued reflection in the window. As I shift my head back to the odorless pinewood of my desk, I might be interrupted by my cats giant yawn and soft meow; its his way of beckoning me to join him in rest for the night. The black words of the textbook seem to shift back and forth in my semi-conscious state, and intermittently focus themselves in and out. Realizing that my eyes, traitorous to my willpower, are beginning to close, I decide to cast my eyes over Calvin Coolidges stolid maxim, framed and carefully situated at the corner of my desk. We will write a custom essay sample on Lengthening Days or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. Talent will not; nothing is more common than unsuccessful men with talent. Genius will not; unrewarded genius is almost a proverb. Education will not; the world is full of educated derelicts. Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent. Awakened with vigor, I motion my eyes to their prior position across the textbooks infinite pages of black lines. Go to bed, Ryan, shouts my father, as he does every night at 11:30. Okay, I reply. Occasion-ally, my father catches me kneeling on my carpet at midnight, taking one last glance at a math equation before seeking refuge in my bed. A harsh scolding will follow, as will an increased watch over my quarters. So I frequently choose to shut off the light around 12:00 a.m. and quietly slip my careworn body under my sheets. As a corollary follows a mathematical law, my cat makes the short hop from his chair (he sits in my favorite chair more than I do, so I might as well call it his), to my bed, keeping me warm company while my 14-inch TV provides me with the dim light of Tom Snyders Late Late Show for studying until 2:00 a.m. As I endeavor to finish a social studies chapter, emotions suppressed long ago lead me away from my task. I might feel the Pacific-blue eyes of my date quicken my pulse during the sophomore ring dance, as my ears recall the school gym filled with music. Then I remember the warm strokes of heat lightning that blinded the star-saturated South Carolina sky as I roamed the deserted beaches in the unfathomable darkness. That is, before reconstruction began in the South on page 368. Tired, detached, and lonely, I suppress my emotions under the wrath of a textbook. The soft rumble of the 1:16 a.m. train is always audible from my other window. Its clear pane is raised, open to the black March night. I can envision myself being jetted toward Pennsylvania Station on the midnight train. As I make my way down the endless row of cars all I see is shoddy nylon seats bereft of passengers, each lined with the same cursory stitching job. The last car, however, might reveal a few late-night voyagers. Perhaps a cop quietly sips his coffee, fearful of the graveyard shift. Or maybe a Columbia law student is pressed against a window with her knees glued to her chest, not wishing to take advantage of the other two vacant seats beside her. Two minutes later, she lets each eyelid rest against its respective dark circle on her face, and falls asleep. The hum and rattle of the trains wheels momentarily becomes louder as the ticket puncher opens the door between cars to finish his rounds. Noticing only a few passengers, he takes two seats for himself, and rests. Suddenly, I sense the corner of my right lip turning northwards, portending a grin. I look beyond Calvin Coolidges stolid rule for life; five inches beyond is a musty old cork board, the bearer of Polaroids. I gently pass my hand over the photos to wipe off the dust that suppresses memories. I even find the courage to close my textbook for a while, so I can open my journal. Tears trickle unabashedly down my cheeks, and a quiet chuckle emerges as my eyes blaze over the thoughts and conversations of the past year. The hot spearmint tea I let sit half an hour ago now easily flows down my throat, heating my body, and quieting my asthma. Each night I undergo the same struggle to release my emotions from the wrath of a textbook. My room is almost always a dark, austere place, which still confines me to a small space for my studies. A tired, often despondent reflection looks back at me. Yet the train tells me that I am not alone. When I hear a soft rumbling, I know I am not alone. As a vicarious passenger, I know our day lasts twenty-six hours when we make room for our emotions. But as we lengthen our days, we lengthen our lives.